Both the United States and Russia have long viewed India as a critical strategic partner. Amidst US-India trade disputes and significant shifts in the global landscape, the question arises: why is PM Modi so important to these two major powers? This question is particularly relevant given the eagerness of both former US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin to congratulate PM Modi on his 75th birthday. Trump addressed PM Modi as ‘Narendra’ and called him a friend, while Putin praised PM Modi’s contributions.
In an attempt to repair relations after the US imposed a 50% tariff on India, Trump sent birthday wishes to PM Modi. Through a social media post, Trump referred to Modi as Narendra, reiterating their friendship. He highlighted that he had a “wonderful talk” and extended birthday wishes, also thanking Modi for his support in ending the war between Russia and Ukraine.
President Putin also congratulated PM Modi on his birthday. In his message, the Russian President lauded PM Modi’s personal efforts in bolstering bilateral ties. He acknowledged Modi’s earned respect and global influence. Furthermore, Putin recognized the notable achievements India has made in social, economic, scientific, and technological domains under PM Modi’s leadership.
Regarding trade and partnerships, Russia is a significant supplier of oil and arms to India. The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute’s data indicates that India imported 36% of its weapons from Russia between 2019 and 2023. India relies on imports for approximately 88% of its oil needs. According to data from the Ministry of Commerce, India imported about 35% of its oil from Russia in 2024-25. Since the Ukraine war and subsequent sanctions, Russia has become a major oil supplier to India.
India stands as the largest trading partner of the United States. In 2024-25, trade between the two countries reached $131.84 billion. Moreover, India procures advanced weaponry from the US. India’s annual trade with the US amounts to approximately $41 billion. In August, the combined exports between the two nations totaled $69.16 billion, while imports were around $79.04 billion. Key imports during the first five months of the current fiscal year (April-August 2025) included petroleum products ($13.26 billion), coal and coke ($2 billion), electronic goods ($9.73 billion), chemicals ($2.49 billion), vegetable oils ($2 billion), and fertilizers ($1.65 billion).
India has consistently maintained an independent position in international politics, not aligning with any single military or political bloc. Consequently, both the US and Russia aim to maintain a balanced relationship with India. Given the current circumstances, both the US and Russia find it challenging to navigate without India. Furthermore, China presents a significant challenge for both nations.