Women in Bihar are now recognized as a pivotal demographic in electoral politics, with their turnout consistently exceeding that of men. This growing influence has compelled political parties to prioritize women’s concerns and outreach strategies. The Nitish Kumar-led government has historically focused on women’s empowerment through various welfare programs, such as providing bicycles to schoolgirls and supporting women’s self-help groups. An improved security environment in public spaces has also empowered women, enabling them to participate more actively in civic and political activities, including voting.
The migration of working-age men to other states for employment has further amplified the role of women as primary voters. During election periods, many men are unable to return home, leaving women to make crucial decisions at the ballot box. The 2020 Bihar Assembly elections demonstrated this reality, where women’s votes were decisive in the NDA’s narrow win. While men largely favored the opposition, the NDA secured a marginal lead among women, particularly among younger voters who had benefited from government initiatives. Support varied across different caste and community groups, highlighting the diverse preferences within the female electorate.
In a strategic maneuver for the 2025 elections, the NDA government has initiated a direct cash transfer scheme, disbursing Rs 10,000 to 1.21 crore women. This initiative, along with potential financial support for aspiring entrepreneurs, aims to capture the significant women’s vote. The timing of the cash payout, preceding the festive season, is intended to boost consumer spending. However, the scheme has faced criticism from some women who feel unjustly excluded, raising the possibility of a divided female vote. Notably, the administration has refrained from offering monthly stipends, a strategy used in other states, citing Bihar’s economic realities.
While early surveys suggest a potential shift of votes towards the NDA among women, strong support for the opposition persists. The Mahagathbandhan has responded with a competitive offer of Rs 2,500 per month for women, a strategy proven effective in other regional elections. In a state with limited economic opportunities, such a financial guarantee can be highly appealing, promising women greater autonomy and respect. Beyond monetary benefits, women in Bihar are evaluating governance based on a wider spectrum of factors, including public safety, educational opportunities, and healthcare access. The party that can effectively address these comprehensive aspirations is most likely to win the trust and votes of Bihar’s women in the upcoming elections.